Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41424275›Full record

Trial reportStroke2026

Efficacy of Wearable Exoskeleton for Gait Recovery in Patients With Stroke: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Won Hyuk Chang, Tae-Woo Kim, Hyoung Seop Kim, Fazah Akhtar Hanapiah, Jong Weon Lee, Seung-Hyeon Han, Chai Wen Jia, Dae Hyun Kim, Deog Young Kim

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Stroke, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05157347 (Effect of Overground Gait Training Using a Torgue-Assisted Exoskeletal Wearable Device on Ambulatory Function in Subacute Stroke Patients, Multi-Center, Randomized Single-blinded Controlled Prospective Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05157347 naunknown statusnot on this map

Effect of Overground Gait Training Using a Torgue-Assisted Exoskeletal Wearable Device on Ambulatory Function in Subacute Stroke Patients, Multi-Center, Randomized Single-blinded Controlled Prospective Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorYonsei UniversityRan2021 to 2023Enrolled150ConditionsSubacute StrokeArmsRobot-assisted Training, Conventional Therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Walking as a Window to the Brain: Redefining Gait in Neurology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Won Hyuk ChangDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.H.C., D.H.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-4969-7895
Tae-Woo KimTBI Rehabilitation Center, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (T.-W.K.).ORCID 0000-0003-4017-549X
Hyoung Seop KimDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pohang Stroke and Spine Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.S.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-5310-4802
Fazah Akhtar HanapiahFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia (F.A.H., C.W.J.).ORCID 0000-0003-3409-7210
Jong Weon LeeDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.W.L., S.-H.H., D.Y.K.).ORCID 0000-0003-0361-5986
Seung-Hyeon HanDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.W.L., S.-H.H., D.Y.K.).
Chai Wen JiaFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia (F.A.H., C.W.J.).
Dae Hyun KimDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.H.C., D.H.K.).ORCID 0000-0002-5065-4286
Deog Young KimDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.W.L., S.-H.H., D.Y.K.).ORCID 0000-0001-7622-6311

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRobot-assisted gait training (RAGT) with wearable exoskeletons has the potential to enhance walking in patients with stroke; however, large-scale evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of overground gait training using a torque-assisted exoskeleton in patients with subacute stroke on the recovery of ambulatory function.

methodsThis international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial enrolled 151 patients with subacute stroke who presented with severe gait impairment but relatively preserved trunk control. Participants were randomized to the RAGT group (30 minutes of conventional gait training plus 30 minutes of exoskeleton) or the control group (60 minutes of conventional gait training), 5 times per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in ambulatory function, assessed by the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) before and immediately after the 4-week intervention. Secondary outcomes included the lower limb strength, balance function. Independent ambulation was reassessed 3 months after the intervention.

resultsA total of 127 participants (56 female (44.1%), mean age, 60.1±13.6 years) completed the 4-week intervention. There were no serious adverse events related to the interventions, and dropout rates tended to be higher in the RAGT group without statistical significance. Both groups showed significant improvement in FAC after the intervention; however, no significant difference between groups (mean change (range), 3.0 (1-5) and 2.5 (1-4) in the RAGT and control group). Both groups exhibited significant gains in lower limb motor function; however, the RAGT group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in lower limb strength (mean change, 15.9±14.2 and 11.1±11.2 in the RAGT and control group,

conclusionsOverground gait training using an exoskeleton was not superior to conventional rehabilitation for improving ambulatory function in subacute stroke patients; however, it could provide additional lower extremity motor improvement. These findings suggest that the overground gait training with an exoskeleton might be a potential intervention for patients with subacute stroke. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT05157347.

Indexed as

Exoskeleton DeviceGaitGait Disorders, NeurologicRecovery of FunctionStrokeStroke RehabilitationAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment Outcomeexoskeleton devicegaitroboticsstrokewearable electronic devices

Identifiers

PMID41424275
PMCPMC12928783

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.