Observational studyEuropean journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine2025
Long-lasting neurobehavioral disorders after traumatic brain injury: potential predictors and functional outcomes.
Observational study in European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to neurobehavioral disorders (NBDs) that hinder functional recovery. Although demographic (gender, age, years of education) and clinical factors (post-traumatic amnesia duration [PTA], Glasgow Coma Scale severity) have been studied as potential predictors of NBDs, the impact of the levels of cognitive functioning (LCF) and traumatic axonal injury (TAI) has received less attention.
aimThis study investigates the relationship between the variables and the onset of NBDs following TBI. It also examines the correlation between NBDs and patients' functional outcome and community participation, as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ).
designObservational, longitudinal study.
settingInpatient rehabilitation setting. POPULATION: The study cohort comprised 54 TBI patients (12 females, 42 males; mean age 46.1 years).
methodsPatients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological, neurobehavioral, and psychological assessments at 12 months. Clinical variables were collected during the acute/subacute phase, and functional outcomes were measured in the chronic phase (GOSE and CIQ).
resultsThe most frequent NBDs observed by caregivers included anger, difficulty controlling temper, impulsivity, and irritability. The findings highlight years of education, PTA duration, LCF score at rehabilitation admission (LCFa) and TAI as the key drivers of long-lasting NBDs (R
conclusionsThe study highlights that lower education levels, prolonged PTA duration, lower LCFa, and presence of TAI are linked to a higher likelihood of developing persistent NBDs, which negatively impact functional outcomes and community participation. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Regular monitoring and early intervention for patients with these risk factors - lower education, prolonged PTA, lower LCFa and TAI - could help mitigate the long-term effects of NBDs, improving rehabilitation outcomes through timely and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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