Observational studyAnnals of biomedical engineering2026
Differences Between Tibial or Malleolar Fracture Types and Union or Nonunion in Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Gait Parameters Throughout Healing: An Observational Study.
Observational study in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identification of biomechanical alterations associated with nonunion after tibial shaft fractures using musculoskeletal simulation based on motion capture and instrumented insole data.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Timed Up-and-Go Test Using Instrumented Insoles to Monitor Tibial or Malleolar Fracture Healing in Patients With Healing Fractures or Nonunion: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGait analyses are becoming increasingly relevant in digital medicine. For implementation in clinical practice, knowledge on differences between gait patterns of separate bone fracture types is required. The aim of this study was to compare longitudinal changes in gait of patients with proximal tibial, tibial shaft, and malleolar fractures, as well as nonunion.
methodsPatients with a proximal tibial, tibial shaft, or malleolar fracture requiring surgery were prospectively enrolled in this longitudinal observational study. A healthy control group received one measurement. Optical motion capture was used to obtain spatiotemporal gait parameters and kinematics at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.
resultsIn total, 73 patients (51.1 ± 16.9 years) and 43 controls (50.5 ± 17.7 years) were included. Only in malleolar fractures, all gait parameters had returned to normal after 6 months. Differences between fracture types at 6 weeks were found in step height (P = 0.01), knee range of motion (ROM, P < 0.001), and its asymmetry (P < 0.001). At 6 months, knee ROM was still lower in proximal tibial than tibial shaft and malleolar fractures (P = 0.04; 0.047). Tibial shaft fractures with and without nonunion differed in stance time (P = 0.007; 0.02) and its asymmetry (P = 0.007; 0.009) after 6 weeks and 6 months, but not at 3 months.
conclusionsWhen monitoring fracture healing with motion capture, differences between fracture types and their timely appearance should be considered.
trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00025108.
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