Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41422700›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2026

Differential morphological and physicochemical responses of polyvinyl chloride and Polyamide-12 micro- and nanoplastics to Fenton oxidation.

Justin Kidd, Dilara Hatinoglu, Kenneth Mensah, Lilia Ochoa, Khue Nguyen, Beizhan Yan, Nicole Fahrenfeld, Onur Apul, Phoebe Stapleton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Food: Dietary Toxicology Beyond Particle Counts.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Justin KiddDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States.
Dilara HatinogluPennsylvania State University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, 16803, United States.
Kenneth MensahPennsylvania State University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, 16803, United States.
Lilia OchoaCivil & Environmental Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
Khue NguyenLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, United States.
Beizhan YanLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, United States.
Nicole FahrenfeldCivil & Environmental Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
Onur ApulPennsylvania State University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA, 16803, United States.
Phoebe StapletonDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States. Electronic address: pgs55@eohsi.rutgers.edu.

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES005022 · NIEHS · UNIV OF MED/DENT NJ-R W JOHNSON MED SCH · PI BRIAN T BUCKLEY · 1988 to 2026
$47.4M
TRAINING IN EVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGYT32ES007148 · NIEHS · RUTGERS THE ST UNIV OF NJ NEW BRUNSWICK · PI Lauren M Aleksunes · 1987 to 2026
$11.4M
Accumulation of micro- and nanoplastic particles in mammalian tissues: a translational studyR01ES036575 · NIEHS · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI FLORSHEIM, REBECCA, STAPLETON, PHOEBE · 2025 to 2025
$5.5M
Microvascular mechanisms of growth restriction after environmental toxicant exposureR01ES031285 · NIEHS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI STAPLETON, PHOEBE · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES005022NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031285NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES036575NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oxidative aging can modify the physicochemical properties of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), altering their environmental behavior and potential biological interactions. In this study, we investigated how a hydroxyl radical-driven Fenton oxidation process affects the morphology, size distribution, and surface chemistry of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyamide-12 (PA-12) MNPs using multimodal characterization. Oxidation caused extensive aggregation and surface restructuring in PVC, whereas PA-12 retained greater colloidal stability but showed clear evidence of surface oxidation. Both polymers exhibited increases in oxygen-containing functional groups, along with polymer-specific elemental loss consistent with dechlorination in PVC and amide degradation in PA-12. These transformations indicate that oxidative aging can generate nanoscale debris, increase surface reactivity, and shift particle behavior in ways relevant to environmental fate and human exposure pathways. The results emphasize the importance of including chemically aged MNPs, rather than only pristine particles, in studies examining transport, sorption, and toxicological potential, particularly in contexts where advanced oxidation treatments are used. Overall, this work highlights polymer-specific differences in oxidative transformation and provides a foundation for future studies that connect degradation chemistry with exposure and risk assessment.

Indexed as

Fenton oxidationMicroplasticNanoplasticPhysicochemical propertiesPolyamidePolyvinyl chloride

Identifiers

PMID41422700
PMCPMC13306932

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.