Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41422291›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2026

Gender based disparities in thyroid dysfunction among the elderly: elevated prevalence in women.

Qi Jin, Chunlei Zhao, Rui Yang, Fei Li, Hexi Zhang, Meina Ji, Yantong Liu, Wenxing Guo, Wanqi Zhang

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Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Qi Jin *Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Chunlei Zhao *Tianjin Binhai New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Supervision Institute), Tianjin, China.
Rui Yang *Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Fei LiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Hexi ZhangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Meina JiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Yantong LiuDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Wenxing GuoDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. guowenxing@tmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-5669-4836
Wanqi ZhangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82204041
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore gender disparities in thyroid dysfunction within the elderly population.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly individuals residing in Longxi County (Dingxi City, Gansu Province), Yuncheng County (Heze City, Shandong Province), and Tianjin, China. Urine and blood samples were collected, and thyroid volume was measured using thyroid ultrasonography to evaluate iodine nutritional status and thyroid function in the elderly.

resultsA total of 3397 elderly individuals were included in the study, comprising 1433 men and 1964 women. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 253.27  (interquartile range: 126.50-492.66) μg/L. The study revealed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules, goiter, positive thyroid antibodies, and thyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). With the increase in iodine nutrition levels, an upward trend in the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is observed across both men and women elderly populations (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that elderly women had a significantly higher risk of thyroid nodules (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.56-2.06), goiter (OR: 10.67, 95% CI: 5.18-22.01), positive thyroid antibodies (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.90-2.81), and thyroid dysfunction (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.51-2.09) compared with men.

conclusionsOur findings highlight a significant sexual dimorphism in thyroid health among the elderly. Women consistently exhibited a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction, nodules, and autoimmunity compared to men, with this disparity remaining evident across all levels of iodine nutrition.

Indexed as

Thyroid DiseasesAgedAged, 80 and overChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGoiterHumansIodineMaleNutritional StatusPrevalenceSex FactorsThyroid GlandThyroid NoduleIodine

Identifiers

PMID41422291

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