ArticleNature communications2025
Reconstructing the three-dimensional architecture of extrachromosomal DNA with ec3D.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extrachromosomal DNA as a platform for epigenetic reprogramming in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Quantitative and sensitive neuroblastoma minimal residual disease detection using extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) breakpoints.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Conserved Enhancer Locus in Extrachromosomal DNA and Homogeneously Staining Regions Activates MYC Transcription in Group 3 Medulloblastoma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Fast and accurate resolution of ecDNA sequence using Cycle-Extractor.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Extrachromosomal DNA in Solid Tumors-Landscape, Immune Effects, and Resistance to Targeted Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Genetic elements promote retention of extrachromosomal DNA in cancer cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are circular DNA molecules prevalent in human cancers that drive tumor evolution and drug resistance. Their circular topology, which disrupts topological domains and rewires regulatory circuits, has typically been studied via pairwise interactions. Here we develop ec3D, a computational method for reconstructing three-dimensional ecDNA structures from Hi-C data. Given a candidate ecDNA sequence and whole-genome Hi-C data, ec3D reconstructs spatial structures by maximizing the Poisson likelihood of observed interactions. We validate ec3D using simulated structures, previously characterized cancer cell lines, and microscopy imaging. Our reconstructions reveal that ecDNAs occupy spherical configurations and mediate unique long-range regulatory interactions involved in gene regulation. Through algorithmic innovations, ec3D can resolve complex structures with duplicated segments, identify multi-way interactions, and identify potential intermolecular (trans) interactions. Our findings provide insights into how ecDNA's spatial organization bypasses normal chromosomal constraints and contributes to increased oncogene expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.