Challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

backgroundFamily caregivers are central to the care of older adults living with dementia, particularly in African contexts where formal care services are scarce. Dementia caregiving is complex and unpredictable, often leading to emotional, physical, and economic strain. Despite these challenges, caregivers employ a range of coping strategies shaped by cultural values, religious beliefs, and family solidarity. Understanding these experiences is essential for developing appropriate support interventions, yet research in African settings remains limited compared to international contexts.

aimThe study aimed to explore the challenges faced by family caregivers of older adults with dementia and to identify the coping strategies they adopt. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review of qualitative studies was carried out to examine the challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa. Comprehensive searches were conducted across major databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online (AJOL), PsycINFO, and EBSCOhost. The search initially yielded 3,742 records. After screening and eligibility assessment of 72 full-text articles, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the final review. The included studies were conducted between 2010 and 2025. Data were synthesized thematically, and findings were reported narratively to capture recurrent patterns and variations across the studies.

resultsTwo overarching themes with several sub-themes emerged. 1.Challenges of Family Caregiving (emotional and psychological strain, physical demands and lifestyle disruptions, financial and economic burden, limited access to resources and services, and stigma and misconception. 2. Coping Strategies of Caregivers (emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, social coping, and resilience and adaptation.)

conclusionFamily caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa face significant emotional, social, and economic challenges, often experiencing anxiety, exhaustion, and social isolation. Despite these burdens, caregivers demonstrate resilience through cultural values, family support, and adaptive coping strategies. However, the lack of formal support systems exacerbates their vulnerability, highlighting the urgent need for caregiver education, psychosocial interventions, and financial protection mechanisms.