ArticleScientific reports2025
Occupational exposure and risk clusters in malignant transformation of inverted sinonasal papilloma.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epithelial Markers in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma with Malignant Transformation: A Scoping Review and Proposal for an Integrative Model of Malignant Risk Stratification.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP) is a benign epithelial neoplasm with potential for malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (ISP-SCC). While high-risk HPV infection has been studied as a possible driver, other factors, including occupational exposures, may play a role. Thirty-two cases (n = 32) of ISP and ISP SCC were retrospectively analysed. These cases had been diagnosed between 2010 and 2022. We assessed their occupational history through the Italian Sino-Nasal Cancer Registry questionnaire and performed p16/p53 immunohistochemistry, HPV DNA and RNA testing. Overall, 41% of ISP and 40% of ISP-SCC cases reported exposure to IARC Group 1–2 A carcinogens, and 69% had a history of smoking. Transcriptionally active HPV was detected in only one case (3.1%). Conventional bivariate analyses did not reveal significant associations between occupational exposure and malignant transformation. However, hierarchical cluster analysis identified three distinct phenotypes. Cluster 1 included predominantly male smokers with high cumulative occupational and non-occupational exposure, with ISP-SCC in 17%. Cluster 2, characterized by the highest occupational exposure and lowest smoking prevalence, consisted exclusively of ISP-SCC cases (100%), suggesting occupational carcinogens as a possible independent driver. Cluster 3 had minimal exposure, inflammatory features, and no malignant transformation. These findings highlight the potential of multidimensional analytical approaches to identify high-risk subgroups and inform targeted preventive and surveillance strategies in exposed populations.
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