Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41422057›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Breaking dense integration limits: inverse-designed lithium niobate multimode photonic circuits.

Xu Han, Hu Jiang, Jie He, Zixu Zhu, Jiahui Su, Mei Xian Low, Yongheng Jiang, Yu He, Lantian Feng, Thach G Nguyen and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xu Han *School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
Hu Jiang *School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
Jie HeSchool of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
Zixu ZhuSchool of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
Jiahui SuSchool of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
Mei Xian LowIntegrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
Yongheng JiangSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Yu HeState Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Lantian FengLaboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Thach G NguyenIntegrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8409-5638
Andreas BoesSchool of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-3396
Chengliang PanSchool of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
Guanghui RenIntegrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. guanghui.ren@rmit.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9867-8279
Yong ZhangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xifeng RenLaboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-8101
Yonghui TianSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. tianyh@lzu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0332-6254
Arnan MitchellIntegrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-2956
Haojie XiaSchool of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. hjxia@hfut.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-7233

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62405082National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) T2325022Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation) 2408085QF217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the growing interest in thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) as a material platform for photonic integrated circuits (PIC), its moderate refractive index, CMOS-incompatible fabrication processes and inherent material anisotropy still raise questions about achieving dense integration comparable to mature platforms like silicon photonics while preserving the superior properties of lithium niobate. Here we show a photonic inverse design method to enable miniaturization and dense integration of lithium niobate PIC components. As proofs-of-concept, we experimentally demonstrate ultra-compact mode-division (de)multiplexer (19 × 25 μm²), multimode waveguide crossing (15 × 15 μm

Identifiers

PMID41422057
PMCPMC12859143

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.