ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Conductive hydrogel combined with electrical stimulation remodels the microenvironment for nerve regeneration to promote spinal cord injury repair.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress on Biomaterial Scaffolds Carrying Stem Cells for Inflammation Regulation After Spinal Cord Injury.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Immuno-engineered conductive hydrogels: Bridging neural signaling and microenvironmental remodeling for neural repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Gelatin-Based Multifunctional Hydrogels for Sports Injury Repair: Musculoskeletal and Nervous System Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in Hydrogel Tissue Engineering for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Applications of Conductive Biomaterials in Spinal Cord Injury Repair.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Adhesive-Electrocoupling Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration: Design, Mechanisms, and Perspectives.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The secondary inflammatory response and disruption of electrical signaling following spinal cord injury (SCI) present significant challenges to neurological recovery. Modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and reconstructing the spinal cord's electrophysiological network are essential for effective SCI repair. To address these challenges, we designed a biomimetic 3D soft scaffold composed of phenylboronic acid-modified sodium alginate(Alg-PBA), dopamine-modified methacrylated gelatin(GelMA-DA), and Zn@EGCG modified MXene. This scaffold demonstrated excellent injectability, with an elastic modulus and electrical conductivity that closely matched those of native spinal cord tissue. The release of Zn@EGCG from the scaffold effectively suppressed inflammatory factors, promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, supported tissue regeneration, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Simultaneously, under electrical stimulation (ES), the 3D soft scaffold generated stable electrical signals, which enhanced the differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells into neurons, thereby facilitating neural circuit reconstruction and functional motor recovery in rats with complete spinal cord transection. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that this therapeutic effect was linked to the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Overall, this study presents a multifunctional biomimetic 3D soft scaffold that modulates immune responses and promotes neuronal differentiation, offering a promising strategy for SCI repair.
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Registered trials
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