ArticleMalaria journal2025
What impact did the Brazilian Federal Government's intervention have on malaria cases in the Yanomami Indigenous lands?
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Childhood vaccination coverage and socioeconomic inequalities in the Northern region of Brazil.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe northern Brazilian state of Roraima has recently experienced an increase in malaria cases, mainly caused by illegal mining activities on indigenous lands. These activities mainly affect the Yanomami Indigenous people, whose territory accounts for nearly 30% of Roraima. In January 2023, the severity of the malaria outbreak led to a Public Health Emergency declaration in the Yanomami Indigenous Land (YIL) and prompted government intervention. This study examines malaria trends before and after the 2023 federal government's response in the YIL.
methodsA descriptive retrospective study was performed using secondary data from Brazil's Health Information System (HIS), covering reported malaria cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in Roraima from 2021 to 2024.
resultsBetween January 2021 and December 2024, Roraima reported 117,214 indigenous malaria cases. After the federal intervention in the YIL in 2023, cases increased significantly (52,210 to 65,004; p = 0.0005), while hospitalizations decreased (787-638; p = 0.0304), and deaths remained steady (111 total; p = 0.9089). Throughout the study, Plasmodium vivax was the dominant species. Cases were highest among men, Indigenous people, and the 20-39 age group. Post-intervention, case detection increased for all species but shifted from adults (20-59 years) to vulnerable groups (0-19, 60 + years). Indigenous cases rose sharply. Hospitalizations for P. vivax, declined after the intervention, especially in men and the 20-39 age group. Mortality was highest in children under 10 and Indigenous populations. Within the Yanomami Special Indigenous Health District (Yanomami-DSEI), cases decreased in Mucajaí, Iracema, and Caracaraí but increased in Alto Alegre in 2024. Exported cases from Roraima to Maranhão (- 95.5%), Pará (- 86.8%), and Amazonas (- 71.5%) dropped sharply.
conclusionsAfter federal government intervention in the YIL, malaria case detection increased, hospitalizations decreased, and mortality stayed steady. Cases among the Yanomami in Alto Alegre rose, while exports to other states declined. Ongoing progress relies on strengthening primary care, enhancing surveillance, and fostering cross-border cooperation.
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