Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41421849›Full record

ArticleSubstance use & misuse2026

A Preliminary Examination of Reward Processing and Loneliness in Cigarette Smokers.

Kyle D Gluck, Isabel M Brush, Rebecca Gonzalez, Ashton R Baltazar, Taylor A Love, Sarah S Tonkin, Laili K Boozary, Moria J Smoski, F Joseph McClernon, W Kyle Simmons and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Substance use & misuse, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kyle D GluckTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Isabel M BrushTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Rebecca GonzalezTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Ashton R BaltazarTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Taylor A LoveTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Sarah S TonkinTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5638-4363
Laili K BoozaryTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Moria J SmoskiDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
F Joseph McClernonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
W Kyle SimmonsHardesty Center for Clinical Research and Neuroscience, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Jason A OliverTSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.

Funding

Nicotine Withdrawal and Reward Processing: Connecting Neurobiology toReal-World BehaviorK23DA042898 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI OLIVER, JASON ANTHONY · 2017 to 2021
$855k
NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA042898
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLoneliness is associated with a broad range of mental and physical health outcomes, including higher rates of substance use. However, the mechanisms underpinning this association remain unclear. Acute nicotine exposure can increase response to reward, but chronic exposure may reduce response

methodsThe purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary examination of the relationship between reward and loneliness among people who smoke cigarettes. Participants (

resultsUnadjusted analyses revealed negative correlations between all reward measures and loneliness (

conclusionsThese results suggest anticipatory reward processing may play a particularly important role in loneliness among people who smoke cigarettes. Further research explicating the direct impact of chronic nicotine use on anticipatory reward processing and interventions targeting reward processing for this population is warranted.

Indexed as

Anticipation, PsychologicalCigarette SmokingLonelinessRewardSmokersAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultlonelinessnicotine dependencerewardSmoking

Identifiers

PMID41421849
PMCPMC13422750

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.