Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41421357›Full record

ArticleCell2026

Nuclear speckle proteins form intrinsic and MALAT1-dependent microphases.

Min Kyung Shinn, Dylan T Tomares, Vicky Liu, Avnika Pant, Yuanxin Qiu, Andreas Vitalis, You Jin Song, Yuna Ayala, Kiersten M Ruff, Gregory W Strout and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. α-Synuclein Forms Distinct Micelle-Like Assemblies at Low Ionic Strengths.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Current Challenges of Transcription Compartmentalization Research.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Distinguishing near- versus off-critical phase behaviors of intrinsically disordered proteins.Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain) · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. A unified photosensitizer platform forbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Intron Retention Controls Localization of lncRNAsbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Min Kyung ShinnDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Dylan T TomaresDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Vicky LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Avnika PantDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Yuanxin QiuCenter for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Andreas VitalisDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
You Jin SongDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
Yuna AyalaEdward Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
Kiersten M RuffDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Gregory W StroutWashington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Matthew D LewCenter for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Kannanganattu V PrasanthDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
Rohit V PappuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, James McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Electronic address: pappu@wustl.edu.

Funding

Understanding the Sequence and Structural Determinants of Phase Behavior of ALS-Causing ProteinsR01NS121114 · NINDS · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI Tanja Mittag, ROHIT V PAPPU · 2021 to 2026
$3.8M
Six-Dimensional Single-Molecule Nanoscopy for Elucidating the Dynamic Organization of BiomoleculesR35GM124858 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Matthew D Lew · 2017 to 2026
$3.3M
Tissue microenvironment (TIMe) training programT32EB019944 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI BHARGAVA, ROHIT, GASKINS, REX · 2016 to 2025
$1.9M
Characterization of nuclear-retained RNA-mediated gene regulatory mechanismsR01GM132458 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI KANNANGANATTU, PRASANTH KUMAR VIJAYAN · 2020 to 2023
$1.4M
Uncovering the Molecular Principles for Microphase Separation by Nuclear Speckle Proteins and RNA TranscriptsK99GM152778 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SHINN, MIN KYUNG · 2024 to 2025
$153k
NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB019944NIGMS NIH HHS K99 GM152778NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM132458NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM124858NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS121114
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pre-mRNA processing components in nuclear speckles encompass one or more folded RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and disordered regions with specific sequence grammars. Such proteins include serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) and transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP)-43. The SRSFs and TDP-43 are unique archetypes of block copolymers encoding specific patterns of inter-domain homotypic and heterotypic attractions and repulsions. The interplay of these interactions drives microphase separation and the formation of ordered, size-limited assemblies. Microphases of SRSFs and TDP-43 are 23-45 nm in diameter, each comprising tens of molecules. Sub-micron-scale assemblies of SRSFs in cells are consistent with being clusters of microphases. The speckle-associated regulatory long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) binds specifically and preferentially to SRSF1 microphases, while destabilizing TDP-43 microphases. In protein mixtures, the interactions between microphases drive the formation of micron-scale double-emulsion structures with core-shell organization. Our findings show how interactions involving copolymers featuring folded domains and disordered regions drive the formation of microphases.

Indexed as

DNA-Binding ProteinsNuclear ProteinsRNA, Long NoncodingSerine-Arginine Splicing FactorsCell NucleusHeLa CellsHumansProtein BindingDNA-Binding ProteinsMALAT1 long non-coding RNA, humanNuclear ProteinsRNA, Long NoncodingSerine-Arginine Splicing FactorsSRSF1 protein, humanTARDBP protein, humanblock copolymersemulsions of microphasesintrinsically disordered regionsLLPSmacrophase separationmicrophase separationnuclear specklesRNA binding proteinsRRMsserine/arginine-rich splicing factorsTDP-43

Identifiers

PMID41421357
PMCPMC12922802

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.