ArticleBMC genomics2025
Evolutionary dynamics of the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis gene LAR.
Article in BMC genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evolutionary dynamics of the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis gene LAR.BMC genomics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) is a key enzyme in proanthocyanidin (PAs) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of leucoanthocyanidins to catechins. While early steps in the flavonoid pathway are broadly conserved across plant lineages, increasing evidence demonstrates lineage-specific evolutionary trajectories and functional diversification in its terminal branches, particularly in the case of LAR. To explore the evolutionary dynamics and functional divergence of LAR genes, we conducted large-scale comparative and phylogenetic analyses across major plant clades.
resultsThe phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple independent duplication events and lineage-specific expansions of LAR lineages, particularly among dicots and gymnosperms. In dicots, LAR1 and LAR2 were differentially retained and diversified, whereas gymnosperm LAR homologs formed early-diverging clades, suggesting an ancient duplication and potential neofunctionalization. Coexpression analyses across species and tissues indicate paralog-specific expression patterns. Sequence analysis identified both conserved and clade-specific protein domains, supporting functional divergence. Promoter analyses showed differences in transcription factor binding site composition between LAR1 and LAR2, pointing to regulatory sub- or neo-functionalization. Lastly, synteny analyses support the potential absence of LAR in multiple Brassicales genomes.
conclusionsLAR shows evidence of evolutionary diversification, shaped by both coding and regulatory changes. These patterns of diversification help explain variation in flavonoid profiles in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of LAR not only deepens our knowledge of metabolic pathway evolution but also provides insights relevant to the breeding and metabolic engineering of plant traits related to pigmentation, stress resilience, and nutritional quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.