Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41419657›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026

Risk factors for subgaleal hemorrhage and adverse early neonatal outcomes: a single-center cohort study with exclusive use of forceps.

Pranav Viswanathan, Jawahar Jagarapu, Nicole A Bailey, June Hu, Kikelomo Babata, L Steven Brown, Patti J Burchfield, Dimitrios Angelis

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Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Pranav ViswanathanUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8622-2942
Jawahar JagarapuDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Nicole A BaileyDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3997
June HuDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Kikelomo BabataDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
L Steven BrownParkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA.
Patti J BurchfieldParkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA.
Dimitrios AngelisDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. dimitrios.angelis@utsouthwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-1960

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSubgaleal hemorrhage (SGH) in neonates ranges from benign bleeds to life-threatening shock. Even small SGH may be linked with parenchymal brain injury and hypoxic-ischemic insult. This study aimed to characterize clinical and neuroimaging features of SGH and identify predictors of early abnormal outcomes or death.

methodsWe retrospectively reviewed all SGH cases admitted to a high-volume Dallas NICU over 11 years, where forceps are exclusively used for operative vaginal deliveries. Data included demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, neuroimaging, and outcomes. Severe outcome was defined as abnormal neurologic exam at discharge, seizures, encephalopathy, or death.

resultsAmong 141,448 live births, 43 neonates required further care in the NICU for SGH (approximate incidence: 3 per 10,000 live births). Of these, two infants died, and 23% experienced severe outcomes. Volume expansion and metabolic acidosis predicted severity. MRI identified additional lesions not evident on ultrasound.

conclusionsSGH requiring NICU care may signal broader neurologic injury. MRI aids diagnosis, while exclusive forceps use was associated with lower SGH incidence and mortality.

Indexed as

Birth InjuriesExtraction, ObstetricalObstetrical ForcepsFemaleHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornIntensive Care Units, NeonatalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTexas

Identifiers

PMID41419657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.