Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41419619›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Multi enzyme production and alginate encapsulation from Bacillus subtilis for stable feed additives.

Hamza Rafeeq, Muhammad Anjum Zia, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Sarwar Khan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hamza RafeeqDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan. Butt.hamza2014@gmail.com.
Muhammad Anjum ZiaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan. anjum.zia@uaf.edu.pk.
Muhammad ShahidDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sarwar KhanCentre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microbial enzymes improve feed digestibility but face challenges of high cost and low stability. In this study, we optimized the production of protease, lipase, cellulase, and amylase from Bacillus subtilis using response surface methodology. We purified the enzymes and encapsulated them in alginate beads to enhance performance. Encapsulation widened their active pH and temperature ranges. It also improved storage stability, with encapsulated enzymes retaining 60-74% activity after 30 days at 4 °C compared to 34-42% for free enzymes. These results show that alginate encapsulation increases enzyme robustness under variable conditions. The novelty of this work lies in the simultaneous optimization of four enzymes from one strain and their stabilization using a simple food-grade carrier. While the study demonstrates strong in vitro potential for poultry feed enrichment, in vivo trials are required to confirm practical application.

Indexed as

AlginatesAnimal FeedBacillus subtilisBacterial ProteinsFood AdditivesAmylasesAnimalsCellulaseEnzyme StabilityHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLipasePeptide HydrolasesTemperatureAlginatesAmylasesBacterial ProteinsCellulaseFood AdditivesLipasePeptide HydrolasesAlginateBacillus subtilisCharacterizationEncapsulationEnzyme stabilizationOptimizationPoultry feed premixResponse surface methodology

Identifiers

PMID41419619
PMCPMC12824236

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.