Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41417893›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Asymmetries-induced nonlinear dynamic behaviors enable versatile modulation strategy for insect-scale robotics.

Yanting Gong, Zhongbin Guo, Kaijun Zhang, Dazhe Zhao, Tingxu Lan, Chengyue Lu, Yuan Ma, Junwen Zhong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yanting GongDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0009-0001-7258-6528
Zhongbin GuoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0009-0005-2189-5354
Kaijun ZhangDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9924-2928
Dazhe ZhaoDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1377-166X
Tingxu LanDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0009-0006-4787-1817
Chengyue LuDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0009-0001-0298-8265
Yuan MaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4794-5496
Junwen ZhongDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0232-1604

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developing versatile insect-scale robots that can handle various unstructured scenarios with a simple design remains a critical challenge. Here, we introduce a single electromagnetic actuator-driven insect-scale robot, developed by integrating geometric and mass asymmetries into a deformable hexagonal frame. This asymmetric configuration induces nonlinear dynamic behaviors in the robot, allowing it to perform a variety of complex actions (e.g., forward and backward locomotion, active flipping, and lateral movement) and respond to challenging scenarios (e.g., granular media and safe landing) through posture transitions. To facilitate the behavior modulation and design optimization of the proposed insect-scale robot, a nonlinear dynamic model is established to map the relationship between motion behaviors and input parameters. Last, an untethered prototype that can work in outdoor environments is constructed to further demonstrate the practical applications.

Identifiers

PMID41417893
PMCPMC12716402

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.