Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41417818›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Cognitive load in cyclists while navigating in traffic: Effects of static and dynamic route events on neural activity of cyclists measured by fNIRS.

Mehmet Baran Ulak, Fenja Heine, Aykut Eken, Pookhao Chinpongsuwan, Mario Boot, Karst T Geurs, Funda Yildirim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mehmet Baran UlakDepartment of Civil Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-3871
Fenja Heinebrainboost, Munich, Germany.
Aykut EkenDepartment of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-7930
Pookhao ChinpongsuwanEindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9735-5672
Mario BootDepartment of Civil Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2281-0797
Karst T GeursDepartment of Civil Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-8903
Funda YildirimFaculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increased cognitive load during cycling can lead to safety issues, particularly during complex situations such as participating in motorised traffic or manoeuvring at intersections. Understanding the patterns of cognitive activity in cyclists across various events can provide valuable insights into cyclists' cognitive load. Therefore, this study aims to investigate when cyclists undergo cognitive load changes during cycling and how these changes manifest in neural activity and connectivity. For this purpose, we analysed neural activity data collected during a real-life field experiment by a non-invasive portable method, namely Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), sensitive to neural activity in the prefrontal cortex region. Findings indicate differences in cognitive load, as shown by varying oxygenation levels, during both static (i.e., presence of traffic lights, intersections, roundabouts, or crosswalks) and dynamic (i.e., presence of motorised vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, or avoiding objects) route events. Neural activity patterns highlight how different road events elicit varying cognitive and neural demands in cyclists. Events like intersections and pedestrian encounters show dense connectivity, particularly in regions related to decision-making, attention, and motor planning, implying a high cognitive load on cyclists. Roundabouts and traffic light scenarios demonstrate intermediate connectivity, indicating the need for adaptive attention and action selection. This study contributes to understanding the underlying cognitive mechanisms during cycling in real-life conditions and the neural markers that can identify different route events encountered while cycling.

Indexed as

BicyclingCognitionPrefrontal CortexAdultFemaleHumansMaleSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41417818
PMCPMC12716766

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.