Trial reportPloS one2025
Depression and weight loss trajectories during an integrated behavioral intervention: Within-treatment analysis of the RAINBOW trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic associations and candidate functional genes linking depression and obesity: a multi-omics integrative study.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- A critical appraisal of integrating family constellation therapy with pharmacological treatment for depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDepression and obesity are two of the most common chronic conditions among US adults. The Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight (RAINBOW) study was the first randomized clinical trial to demonstrate the effectiveness of an integrated behavioral treatment for depression and obesity. We aimed to characterize the trajectories of both depression symptoms and weight loss during the RAINBOW intervention.
methodsParticipants (N = 201) randomly assigned to the RAINBOW treatment arm who provided serial data on depression symptoms (via the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ9]) and self-measured weight were included. Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modeling is a statistical technique that identifies participants who follow similar trajectories of multiple outcomes over time. This approach was used to characterize latent groups of both PHQ9 and weight loss percentage during treatment. Demographic differences between groups were investigated using Chi-Square, Fisher's exact tests, or ANOVA tests. Group membership was investigated for relationships with 12-month change in independently measured depression (via the 20-item Symptom Checklist, or SCL20) and weight (measured by trained research staff) using linear regression models.
resultsParticipants were classified into 3 groups based on their depression symptom and weight trajectories: Moderate Depression Improvements/Minimal Weight Loss (N = 108, 53.7%), Substantial Depression Improvements/Moderate Weight Loss (N = 58, 28.9%), and Substantial Depression Improvements/Substantial Weight Loss (N = 35; 17.4%). Older participants were more likely to be in the Substantial/Substantial group. Participants in the Substantial/Moderate and Substantial/Substantial groups had larger 12-month depression symptom score changes and 12-month weight loss compared to the Moderate/Minimal group.
conclusionWe identified three joint trajectories of depression symptom scores and obesity. Members in the three trajectories saw varying degrees of symptom reduction from baseline to 12 months. Results suggest adaptive treatment trials may be needed for participants in groups with lower anticipated depression symptom scores and/or weight reductions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.