Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41417204›Full record

ReviewHormones (Athens, Greece)2026

Dual target, dual benefit: real-world effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on the FIB-4 score in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Virginia Markoutsaki, Georgios Dimakopoulos, Emmanouil Sinakos, Kalliopi Kotsa, Theocharis Koufakis

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Virginia MarkoutsakiMedical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Georgios DimakopoulosBIOSTATS, Epirus Science and Technology Park Campus, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Emmanouil SinakosFourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Kalliopi KotsaFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Theocharis KoufakisSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Street, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece. thkoyfak@auth.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5853-1352

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLiver fibrosis is a serious comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in which non-invasive indices such as FIB-4 are used to monitor hepatic health. This study assesses the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and their combinations on FIB-4 scores in people with T2DM.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 133 adults with T2DM on one of the three treatment regimens, with FIB-4 calculated at baseline and after 12 months.

resultsFIB-4 scores had significantly declined in all groups at 12-month follow-up. The GLP-1RA group exhibited the largest average reduction in FIB-4 (0.280, p < 0.001), followed by combination therapy (0.231, p = 0.001) and SGLT2i (0.206, p < 0.001). All treatment groups experienced significant improvements in glycemia and body weight.

conclusionsGLP-1RA and SGLT2i, either alone or in combination, may reduce liver fibrosis risk in T2DM patients as reflected by improved FIB-4 scores.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsLiver CirrhosisSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedBlood GlucoseDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsFIB-4GLP-1 receptor agonistsMASLDSGLT2 inhibitorsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41417204

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.