ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2025
Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus systemic chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cryoablation with sintilimab and lenvatinib for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Does the addition of locoregional therapy augment survival outcomes?Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) provides sustained high intrahepatic drug exposure with limited systemic toxicity, potentially enhancing antigen release and immune sensitization. This study compared the efficacy and safety of HAIC combined with lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus systemic chemotherapy-based triple therapy in advanced unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).
methodsA retrospective analysis of 67 patients with unresectable iCCA treated with HAIC-based triple therapy (n = 32) or systemic triple therapy (n = 35) was conducted. Clinical efficacy, survival, prognostic factors and safety profiles were evaluated. Baseline imbalances were adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses before and after IPTW assessed treatment effects on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
resultsHAIC-based triple therapy achieved superior tumor control versus systemic therapy, with higher objective response rate (59.4 vs. 20.0%; P < 0.001), disease control rate (90.6 vs. 68.6%; P < 0.001), and tumor shrinkage (+ 6.5 vs. - 1.0 mm; P = 0.002). Local (93.8 vs. 66.7%; P = 0.006) and distant (90.3 vs. 72.7%; P = 0.071) control rates favored HAIC-based triple therapy. After IPTW adjustment, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that HAIC-based triple therapy significantly improved both OS (24.1 vs. 15.5 months; P = 0.010) and PFS (P = 0.020) compared to systemic therapy. In the IPTW-adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis, HAIC-based triple therapy was associated with a markedly reduced risk of OS (HR [95% CI]: 0.221[0.070-0.693]) and PFS (HR[95% CI]: 0.129[0.028-0.592]). Toxicities were manageable, and immune-related adverse events correlated with reduced progression.
conclusionHAIC-based triple therapy provided superior tumor control, prolonged survival, and preserved hepatic function with acceptable safety in unresectable iCCA.
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