ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use and training style on myogenic expression in trained male iron sport athletes.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeAnabolic-Androgenic Steroid (AAS) use has been shown to impact the expression of myogenic growth factors. Very little of this research has been performed with human subjects, and none with athletes. This study investigated the effects of AAS use and iron sport training style on myogenic expression of the genes coding for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), myogenin (MYOG), and myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD).
methodsFifty-two male iron sport athletes were classified as powerlifters (n = 21), body builders (n = 19), or strongmen (n = 12), and as AAS users (n = 18) or non-users (n = 34) via self-reported data. Saliva samples were collected to be analyzed for expression levels of IGF1, MYOG, and MyoD. Expression levels were analyzed via a 2 (AAS use) x 3 (iron sport) factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
resultsThere was no mean vector difference on any combination of dependent variables (Pillai's Trace = 0.087, F(6, 86) = 0.653, p = .688, η
conclusionNeither AAS use nor iron sport training facilitate meaningful changes in myogenic growth factor expression relative to each other. Future researchers should investigate the effects of variables such as training age, length of AAS history, or expression of myogenic inhibitors such as myostatin.
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