Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41417032›Full record

Observational studyRevista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social2026

[Costs of pharmacological treatment in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Juan Figueroa-García, Víctor Marcial Granados-García, Daniel Martínez-Barro, María Fernanda Figueroa-Hernández, Silvia Palomo-Piñón, David Rojano-Mejía

Abstract readComparative StudyEnglish AbstractObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Juan Figueroa-GarcíaInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Ciudad de México, Centro de Investigación Educativa y Formación Docente Sur. Ciudad de México, México.ORCID 0000-0001-5479-4780
Víctor Marcial Granados-GarcíaInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y Servicios de Salud, Área de Envejecimiento. Ciudad de México, México.ORCID 0000-0002-9075-576X
Daniel Martínez-BarroInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Tamaulipas, Hospital General de Zona No. 6 "Lic. Ignacio García Téllez", Servicio de Rehabilitación. Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, México.ORCID 0000-0002-7565-5349
María Fernanda Figueroa-HernándezInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Ciudad de México, Hospital General de Zona No. 47, Servicio de Medicina Interna. Ciudad de México, México.ORCID 0009-0002-0952-4954
Silvia Palomo-PiñónGrupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México. Ciudad de México, México.ORCID 0000-0003-1047-5301
David Rojano-MejíaInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud. Ciudad de México, México.ORCID 0000-0002-6340-8463

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prevalent chronic diseases that share common risk factors and contribute significantly to the economic burden on healthcare systems. Their impact is more pronounced in low-income countries, where they increase the prevalence of complications and associated healthcare costs. Objective: To compare the costs of pharmacological treatment of hypertension according to the number of complications between patients with hypertension vs. patients with hypertension/T2DM. Material and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two family medicine units in the metropolitan area of Mexico's central region. Subjects with hypertension and those with hypertension and T2DM were included. Hypertension-related complications were identified, and a microcosting analysis of hypertension pharmacological treatment was performed. To compare treatment costs between both groups it was used the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The cost of pharmacological treatment for patients with hypertension and T2DM was $30.5 USD higher compared to those with hypertension alone. The most common complications were heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and hypertensive retinopathy, with costs increasing as the number of complications rose. This effect was more stressed in the hypertension and T2DM group. Conclusions: The pharmacological treatment cost for patients with hypertension and T2DM was higher compared to those with hypertension alone, even in patients without complications.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive AgentsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Care CostsHypertensionAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMexicoMiddle AgedAntihypertensive AgentsCosto de la EnfermedadCost of IllnessCostos de los MedicamentosCostos y Análisis de CostoCosts and Cost AnalysisDiabetes Mellitus Tipo 2Drug CostsHipertensiónHypertensionType 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41417032
PMCPMC12742755

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.