Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41416891›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2026

Perceived control, brain health, and cognitive reserve: longitudinal resilience mechanisms in Black, White, and Hispanic older adults.

Monica E Walters, Kiana A Scambray, Emily P Morris, Jordan D Palms, Robrielle M Pierce, Ketlyne Sol, Nicole Schupf, Adam M Brickman, Laura B Zahodne

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Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Monica E WaltersDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0395-5868
Kiana A ScambrayDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9618-6385
Emily P MorrisDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9709-6023
Jordan D PalmsDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
Robrielle M PierceDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
Ketlyne SolComprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, Florida, United States.
Nicole SchupfDepartment of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States.
Adam M BrickmanDepartment of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States.
Laura B ZahodneDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5763-4501

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0M
Research Education CoreP30AG066462 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Miguel Arce · 2020 to 2026
$30.1M
VASCULAR FACTORS AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP01AG007232 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI DEVANAND, DAVANGERE P · 1989 to 2008
$21.7M
Epidemiology of Biomarkers of Risk and Progression in LOADR01AG037212 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MAYEUX, RICHARD P, SCHUPF, NICOLE · 2010 to 2015
$10.1M
Genetic Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Factors in Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG054023 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MAYEUX, RICHARD P · 2016 to 2018
$8.9M
Resilience Mechanisms Underlying Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG054520 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BRICKMAN, ADAM M, ZAHODNE, LAURA B · 2017 to 2021
$5.8M
Risk and resilience mechanisms underlying race disparities in ADRD: An examination of neighborhood resources, social networks, brain integrity, and cognitionK01AG073588 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SOL, KETLYNE · 2021 to 2025
$637k
Uncovering Mechanisms of Racial Inequalities in ADRD: Psychosocial Risk and Resilience Factors for White Matter IntegrityF31AG082506 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI PALMS, JORDAN D. · 2023 to 2025
$82k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NIA NIH HHS F31 AG082506NIA NIH HHS K01 AG073588NIA NIH HHS K01AG073588NIA NIH HHS P01 AG007232NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462NIA NIH HHS R01 AG037212NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054520NIA NIH HHS R01AG054520NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG054023NIH HHS UL1TR001873
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPerceived control is a psychosocial factor consisting of internal (mastery) and external (constraints) control. We assessed whether mastery and constraints related to two longitudinal resilience mechanisms, brain maintenance and cognitive reserve.

methodsParticipants included White (n = 199), Black (n = 262), and Hispanic (n = 319) older adults (Mage=74.48, SD = 6.04; 63% women) from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project. Brain health measures included cortical thickness in Alzheimer's disease signature regions, total hippocampal volume, total gray matter volume, white matter hyperintensities, and their composite. Global cognition was a composite of four cognitive domains. Mastery and constraints were assessed separately in relation to longitudinal brain health and cognitive reserve (residual and moderation approaches). Univariate and bivariate latent growth curve models assessed patterns overall, and multiple-group models assessed differences by race and ethnicity. Covariates included age, sex/gender, years of education, intracranial volume, and race and ethnicity.

resultsGreater mastery related to greater baseline cortical thickness for Hispanic participants. Greater constraints related to greater baseline hippocampal volume for Black participants, but faster hippocampal volume decline for White participants. Controlling for brain health, greater constraints related to worse cognition initially and over time for the entire group. Greater brain health decline more strongly related to greater cognitive decline at higher levels of constraints among Hispanic and Black individuals. DISCUSSION: We found more evidence for cognitive reserve, rather than brain maintenance, as a resilience mechanism linking perceived control to cognitive health. Minoritized older adults may be particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of environmental constraints on cognitive reserve.

Indexed as

AgingBlack or African AmericanBrainCognitive ReserveHispanic or LatinoInternal-External ControlResilience, PsychologicalWhite PeopleAgedAged, 80 and overBrain Cortical ThicknessFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleCognitionHealth disparitiesLatent growth curve modelsLocus of controlMultiple-group models

Identifiers

PMID41416891
PMCPMC12914702

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.