Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41416568›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Source-specific nitrate intake and incident dementia in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.

Catherine P Bondonno, Pratik Pokharel, Dorit Wielandt Erichsen, Liezhou Zhong, Jörg Schullehner, Cecilie Kyrø, Kirsten Frederiksen, Peter Fjeldstad Hendriksen, Frederik Dalgaard, Lauren C Blekkenhorst and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Source-specific nitrate intake and incident dementia in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Catherine P BondonnoSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Pratik PokharelSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Dorit Wielandt ErichsenDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Liezhou ZhongSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Jörg SchullehnerDepartment of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark.
Cecilie KyrøDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kirsten FrederiksenDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peter Fjeldstad HendriksenDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Frederik DalgaardDepartment of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lauren C BlekkenhorstSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Stephanie R Rainey-SmithCentre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Samantha L GardenerCentre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Torben SigsgaardDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ole Raaschou-NielsenDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anne TjønnelandDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jonathan M HodgsonSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Christina C DahmDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Anja OlsenDiet, Cancer and Health Group, The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nicola P BondonnoSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.

Funding

Danish Cancer Society, DenmarkEmerging Leader Fellowship from the Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund WANMA/EL2022/8Independent Research Fund Denmark 1030-00307BNational Health and Medical Research Council APP2030071National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship APP1159914National Health and Medical Research Council Ideas Grant APP2030071National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant GNT1197315National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Emerging Leadership Investigator Grant 1172987National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Ideas Grant 2028286National Heart Foundation of Australia Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship 102498Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Programme NNF17OC0027864Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund WANMA/EL2023-24/2World Cancer Research Fund IIG_FULL_2020_020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDietary nitrate, through conversion to nitric oxide, which supports vascular and nervous system function, may lower dementia risk but may also form neurodegenerative N-nitrosamines, depending on the nitrate source.

methodsWe investigated associations between source-specific nitrate and nitrite intake and incident and early-onset dementia (<65 years) in 54,804 dementia-free participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study over ∼27 years. Nitrate and nitrite intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaires and nitrate and nitrite databases.

resultsHigher plant-sourced nitrate intake was non-linearly associated with lower rates of incident dementia (fifth vs first quintile hazard ratio 95% confidence interval: 0.90 [0.83, 0.98]), while increased risk was seen for higher intakes of animal-sourced, additive-permitted meat-sourced, and tap water-sourced nitrate. Similar associations were seen for source-specific nitrite intake and were more pronounced for early-onset dementia. No clear effect modification was observed. DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the importance of nitrate source in dementia risk and warrant further investigation. HIGHLIGHTS: Plant nitrate is associated with a lower risk of incident and early-onset dementia. Animal and tap water nitrate are associated with an increased risk of dementia. Encouraging consumption of plant-based nitrate sources may lower risk of dementia.

Indexed as

DementiaDietNitratesAgedCohort StudiesDenmarkFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNitritesRisk FactorsNitratesNitritescohort studyearly‐onset dementiaincident dementianitratenitrite

Identifiers

PMID41416568
PMCPMC12715690

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.