Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41416535›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

The role of bilingualism on functional decline and neurodegeneration in distinct ADRD clinical syndromes.

Jonathan Tablante, Kaitlin Casaletto, Lawren VandeVrede, Eugenie Mamuyac, Luna Gao, Jeanine Sandra Esteban, Ariel Guevarra, Jaeda Johnson, Mia Rios, Luis Martinez and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The role of bilingualism on functional decline and neurodegeneration in distinct ADRD clinical syndromes.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Jonathan TablanteDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kaitlin CasalettoDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Lawren VandeVredeDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Eugenie MamuyacDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Luna GaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jeanine Sandra EstebanDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9779-0541
Ariel GuevarraDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jaeda JohnsonDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Mia RiosDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Luis MartinezDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Niecholle RocoDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Isabel Elaine AllenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Stephanie M GrassoDepartment of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Maria Luisa Gorno-TempiniDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Lea T GrinbergDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Nina DronkersDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Emily W PaolilloDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jessica de LeonDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

TDP-43 Loss-of-Function: Biology to BiomarkersP01AG019724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Jennifer Merrilees · 2002 to 2026
$67.2M
An automated machine learning approach to language changes in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia across Latino and English-speaking populationsR01AG075775 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MARIA LUISA GORNO TEMPINI, Adolfo Martin Garcia · 2023 to 2026
$7.2M
Primary Progressive Aphasia: Cognition, Anatomy and ProgressionRF1NS050915 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GORNO TEMPINI, MARIA LUISA · 2022 to 2022
$4.7M
Unraveling the intersection of synaptic biology, lifestyle, and cognitive resilienceR01AG072475 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CASALETTO, KAITLIN B · 2021 to 2025
$4.3M
Word fluency task performance as a marker of Alzheimer’s disease in Tagalog/English bilingual speakerR01AG080396 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Jessica Anne Deleon · 2023 to 2026
$3.3M
Bilingual Factors Associated with Cognitive Reserve and Linguistic Resilience in Hispanics with Primary Progressive AphasiaR01AG080470 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Stephanie M Grasso · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
Training program in the neurology of language and neurodegenerative aphasiasK24DC015544 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GORNO TEMPINI, MARIA LUISA · 2016 to 2025
$1.9M
Validation of Novel Plasma Biomarkers for Mixed Etiology DementiaK23AG073514 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI VANDEVREDE, LAWREN · 2021 to 2025
$1.0M
Primary Progressive Aphasia: Beyond the Clinical VariantsK23DC018021 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DELEON, JESSICA ANNE · 2020 to 2024
$995k
Passive digital phenotyping for capturing real-world neurobehavior in neurodegenerative diseaseK23AG084883 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Emily Paolillo · 2024 to 2026
$592k
Neural Mechanisms of Song vs Speech Production: Insights from Aphasia and Intracranial RecordingR21DC021042 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI DRONKERS, NINA F. · 2023 to 2024
$417k
Alzheimer's Association AARF-22-974065Charles and Helen Schwab FoundationLarry L. Hillblom Foundation 2024-A-001-CTRNIA NIH HHS K23 AG073514NIA NIH HHS K23 AG084883NIA NIH HHS P01 AG019724NIA NIH HHS R01 AG072475NIA NIH HHS R01 AG075775NIA NIH HHS R01AG075775NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080396NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080470NIDCD NIH HHS K23 DC018021NIDCD NIH HHS K24 DC015544NIDCD NIH HHS R21 DC021042NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS050915NINDS NIH HHS RF1NS050915Shenandoah Community Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe evaluated a large cohort (N = 408) of monolingual and bilingual speakers with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) syndromes and longitudinal markers of functional decline and neurodegeneration to determine whether bilingual speakers show more cognitive resilience to neurodegenerative processes.

methodsParticipants (338 monolingual, 70 bilingual) were diagnosed based on established criteria and then categorized into five clinical groups (healthy controls and memory, language, behavioral, motor-predominant syndromes from participants living with ADRD). Linear mixed-effects models estimated longitudinal functional decline (Clinical Dementia Rating) and fluid ADRD biomarker trajectories (plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and plasma phosphorylated tau-217 (p-tau217).

resultsBilingual speakers showed slower progression of functional impairment and lower baseline NfL and p-tau217, but not slower biomarker trajectories, compared to monolingual speakers. DISCUSSION: We found a protective effect of bilingualism on baseline levels of neuropathology and neurodegeneration and longitudinal functional decline, supporting a role of bilingualism in cognitive resilience across ADRDs. HIGHLIGHTS: Explored longitudinal effects of bilingualism on functional decline, neurofilament light chain (NfL), andphosphorylated tau-217 (p-tau217). Used syndrome-defined cohorts of monolingual and bilingual speakers. First study using NfL and p-tau217 to study bilingualism's effects in cognitive resilience. Bilinguals showed slower progression of functional impairment. Bilinguals had lower baseline NfL and p-tau217 but longitudinal trajectories did not differ.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseMultilingualismAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsNeuropsychological Teststau ProteinsBiomarkersneurofilament protein LNeurofilament Proteinstau ProteinsADRD biomarkersAlzheimer's diseasebilingualismbrain resilienceclinical dementia rating scalecognitive resiliencefrontotemporal dementianeurofilament light chain

Identifiers

PMID41416535
PMCPMC12715707

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.