SynthesisDiabetes & vascular disease research
Risk factors of early-onset type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetes & vascular disease research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Diastolic Function in Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Cureus · 2026Article
- White Blood Cell-to-Hemoglobin Ratio, a Promising Indicator for Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundEarly-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM), diagnosed before age 40, progresses rapidly and has a higher risk of complications compared to late-onset T2DM. Its global prevalence is rising, but the underlying risk factors are insufficiently understood.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with early-onset T2DM to support clinical decision-making and inform preventive strategies.Methods37 studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to October 31, 2024. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.0, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed by region, study type, and sample size.ResultsCompared with normoglycemic individuals, early-onset T2DM was strongly associated with family history of diabetes (OR = 4.54, 95%CI: 2.31-8.90), high BMI (OR = 2.87, 95%CI: 2.22-3.80), maternal gestational diabetes (OR = 3.01, 95%CI: 2.44-3.72), and elevated fasting glucose (OR = 8.73, 95%CI: 4.91-16.92). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings despite persistent heterogeneity. In comparisons with late-onset T2DM, family history (OR = 2.90), male sex (OR = 1.57), and BMI (OR = 1.12 per unit) remained significant risk factors.ConclusionEarly-onset T2DM is shaped by familial, metabolic, and lifestyle determinants. Incorporating these factors into early screening and intervention programs, particularly lifestyle modification in young high-risk populations, is essential to reduce disease burden and delay progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.