Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41416288›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Early Weight-Bearing Following Ankle Fixation in a United Kingdom Major Trauma Centre: Real-World Adoption Versus a Contemporary Randomised Trial and British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma.

Hashim Al-Hano, Zine Beech

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hashim Al-HanoTrauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, GBR.
Zine BeechTrauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background Ankle fractures are common and place a substantial burden on services. Contemporary guidance generally permits weight-bearing as tolerated after stable fixation with early outpatient review. Recent randomised evidence suggests that beginning weight-bearing at around two weeks after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) can achieve at least comparable functional outcomes without increased complications and may be resource-efficient. Despite this, the adoption of early weight-bearing remains variable. We evaluated our centre's timing to first weight-bearing and early safety in the year following the dissemination of new evidence. Methods We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study at a UK major trauma centre (September 2024-August 2025). Adults (≥18 years) undergoing ankle ORIF were included; exclusions were hindfoot nails, tibial plafond (pilon) fractures, open fractures, or missing follow-up. Data sources were the local trauma database, operative notes, discharge summaries, fracture-clinic letters, imaging, and general practitioner records. Variables included age, sex, length of inpatient stay (LOS), fracture pattern (unimalleolar/bimalleolar/trimalleolar), posterior malleolus fixation (yes/no), syndesmosis fixation (none/screw/suture-button), and discharge device (cast/boot). The primary outcome was time to first weight-bearing (bands: at 2 weeks, 2-6 weeks, >6 weeks; sub-bands 6-8 and >8 weeks). Safety within eight weeks comprised unplanned emergency department/clinic contact, re-operation, and radiographic loss of reduction. Analyses used descriptive statistics (mean/standard deviation (SD); median/interquartile range (IQR)); between-group comparisons employed Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U for days to weight-bearing and chi-square for proportions >6 weeks (two-sided p<0.05). Continuous outcomes (LOS, days to first weight-bearing) were non-normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk p<0.001); hence, non-parametric tests were used. Results Forty-two patients were included. The mean age was 51.1 years (SD 16.5), with a median age of 49.5 years (IQR 39.2-62.5). LOS had a mean of 7.0 days (SD 7.9) and a median of 3.5 days (IQR 1.0-13.0). Time to first weight-bearing: at 2 weeks 2/42 (4.8%), 2-6 weeks 9/42 (21.4%), >6 weeks 31/42 (73.8%) (including 6-8 weeks 21/42 (50.0%), >8 weeks 10/42 (23.8%)). Safety ≤8 weeks in the 6-week or longer group showed unplanned contact 1/42 (2.4%), re-operation 0/42, loss of reduction 0/42, and delayed union 2/42 (4.8%). Safety margins in the 2-week group did not show any complications (0/42 in all parameters). Days to first weight-bearing did not differ significantly by fracture pattern (p=0.066) or syndesmosis fixation (p=0.383); posterior malleolus fixation was associated with longer time (Mann-Whitney p=0.036). Proportions exceeding six weeks did not differ significantly across subgroups. Conclusions Early weight-bearing after ankle ORIF was seldom implemented locally, with most patients first weight-bearing at ≥6 weeks despite reassuring short-term safety. In light of the recent clinical guidance, a default "weight-bearing as tolerated from two weeks" pathway (with clearly defined exceptions), standardised discharge/clinic instructions, and planned re-audit may improve implementation without compromising safety.

Indexed as

ankle fracturescost-benefit analysisearly ambulationinternal fixatorslength of stayopen fracture reductionposterior malleolustibiofibular syndesmosisunited kingdomweight-bearing

Identifiers

PMID41416288
PMCPMC12710795

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