Observational studyRevista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia2025
The use of hormonal contraceptives in high performance Brazilian female swimmers: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Women may experience cognitive, emotional, and physical changes during the menstrual cycle, which can impact their physical and athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate whether Brazilian female swimmers in the senior category, i.e., over 18 years of age, federated with the Brazilian Confederation of Aquatic Sports (CBDA), use hormonal contraceptives (HCs) and assess the impacts on their health, athletic performance, and overall well-being. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study conducted via an online questionnaire based on the Google Forms® platform, sent via WhatsApp® and email to the participants. Questions were asked about age, use of contraceptive methods, observed changes in performance, among others. A total of 136 senior athletes participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were senior female athletes using hormonal contraceptive methods. Athletes who were not in the senior category and/or did not use hormonal contraceptive methods were excluded from the research. Results: A total of 136 senior athletes responded to the questionnaire. Of this total, 108 reported using hormonal contraceptive methods and were therefore included in the study. The results indicate that the majority of participants use oral contraceptives, with 61 (57%) using this method. Regarding the reason for using hormonal contraceptives, 88 (82.4%) use the method to control the menstrual cycle, in addition to alleviating menstrual symptoms, 63 (59.2%); 62 (57.9%) reported improvement in mood patterns, and 69 (64.55%) stated that they experience benefits from using the method. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of hormonal contraceptives presents benefits related to the professional careers of athletes. Besides improving their training performance, HCs also help alleviate menstrual symptoms and control the menstrual cycle and flow.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.