ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Evaluation of anti-tetanus IgG antibody levels and influencing factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess anti-tetanus IgG antibody levels and identify determinants of inadequate tetanus immunity among maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, anti-tetanus IgG levels were measured by quantitative ELISA in 162 adult HD patients from two dialysis centers in Ankara, Turkey. Protective immunity was evaluated using both international (≥ 0.1 IU/mL) and robust (≥ 0.5 IU/mL) cut-offs. Demographic and clinical factors associated with immunity were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Only 16.7% of HD patients achieved robust protection (≥ 0.5 IU/mL), whereas 49.8% had minimal protection (≥ 0.1 IU/mL). Protective immunity was independently associated with younger age (OR 1.07 per year; p = 0.004), shorter dialysis duration (OR 1.07; p = 0.030), male sex (female OR 2.92; p = 0.048), and recent booster vaccination within 10 years (OR 0.11; p < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus was not an independent factor. Conclusion: Most HD patients lacked durable tetanus immunity, particularly older females on long-term dialysis. The findings highlight the need for regular antibody monitoring, early revaccination, and structured booster programs to maintain adequate protection in this high-risk population.
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