Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2025
Combination immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy shows promising efficacy in NSCLC patients with recurrent or refractory brain metastases and negative driver genes.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Precision Multimodal Nanodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer: From Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Platforms to Cell-Death Reprogramming and Immune Remodeling.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as an experimental model to study lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastasis (BM) and negative driver genes. Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted using the clinical data of 34 patients with NSCLC and BM, including 24 patients who received immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy and 10 control patients using oral anlotinib upon the first- to fourth-line treatment failure or refusing to continue chemotherapy between June 2017 and August 2022. Efficacy was evaluated using progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse reactions. Results: Among 24 patients treated with immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, 17 had a partial response, six had stable disease, and one had progressive disease. The ORR and DCR of patients receiving immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy were 70.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The median PFS of immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic treatment was significantly longer than that of oral anlotinib (18.0 Conclusion: Immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent or refractory NSCLC and BM driven by negative genes has yielded promising but preliminary findings. Clinical Trial Registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1800017499.
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Registered trials
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