ArticleJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2026
Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults With Williams Syndrome: Comparative Accuracy of Predictive Equations.
Article in Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundWilliams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 7q. Previous research indicates that adults with WS are prone to having overweight and obesity and also have decreased fat-free mass (FFM) on body composition analysis. To date, no explorations of factors associated with measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) or with the accuracy of predictive resting energy expenditure (pREE) equations have been performed. This study aimed to (1) obtain mREE in adults with WS and examine contributing factors; (2) compare mREE between adults with WS and matched controls; and (3) assess the accuracy of widely used pREE equations.
methodsA convenience sample of 41 adults with WS (mean age = 31.5 ± 10.2 years, mean body mass index [BMI] = 28.6 ± 7.7 kg/m
resultsWithin the WS cohort, mREE was significantly lower in females (1183.1 ± 186.6 kcal/day) than in males (1366.4 ± 217.8 kcal/day) and in individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m
conclusionsThese findings indicate that (i) the amount of FFM explains most of the mREE reduction observed when comparing females and males with WS, and when comparing WS and matched controls, and (ii) few predictive equations provide clinically useful REE estimates in adults with WS. More accurate predictions tended to originate from equations developed in cohorts with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, or with older adults. These findings highlight the need for cautious application of pREE equation values in the clinical care of adults with WS and underscore the importance of continued investigation into energy requirements and their determinants.
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