ArticleRenal failure2025
Proton pump inhibitor use and cardiovascular risk, all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality across baseline eGFR categories: a longitudinal study.
Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Peritonitis and Mortality Risks of Gastric Acid Suppressants in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This longitudinal cohort study aimed to evaluate the associations of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. We analysed data from 30,362 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants (mean age: 49.3 ± 17.6 years; 51.1% women) between 2003 and 2018. Participants were categorised into eight subgroups based on PPI use and eGFR categories. CVD risk was assessed using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression, while mortality was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models over a median follow-up of 91 months. Analyses were adjusted for numerous potential confounders, with sensitivity analyses validating the results. Compared to nonusers with normal eGFR, PPI users with eGFR < 30 had the highest odds ratio (OR = 9.29, 95% CI: 3.34-25.81,
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