Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41413900›Full record

ArticleHealth policy and planning2026

Power, interests, and maternal health care: a political economy analysis of service delivery redesign in Kenya.

Jacinta Nzinga, Easter Olwanda, Kennedy Opondo, Hillary Kimutai, Jan Cooper, Brian Arwah, Benjamin Tsofa, Edwine Barasa, Kevin Croke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health policy and planning, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jacinta NzingaDepartment of International Public Health, Institute for Resilient Health Systems, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8394-8857
Easter OlwandaInstitute for Human Development, The Aga Khan University, P.O Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kennedy OpondoDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bostin, MA 02115, United States.
Hillary KimutaiCentre for Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, P.O Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jan CooperDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bostin, MA 02115, United States.
Brian ArwahHealth Economics Research Unit, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 43460-00100, 197 Lenana Place, Hurlingham, Nairobi, Kenya.
Benjamin TsofaHealth Economics Research Unit, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 43460-00100, 197 Lenana Place, Hurlingham, Nairobi, Kenya.
Edwine BarasaHealth Economics Research Unit, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O Box 43460-00100, 197 Lenana Place, Hurlingham, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kevin CrokeDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bostin, MA 02115, United States.

Funding

The Gates Foundation # 263771.5119872
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The maternal and newborn health (MNH) service delivery redesign (SDR) in Kakamega County, Kenya, represents the country's first system-level reorganization of MNH services. The reform aimed to improve care quality and reduce mortality by centralizing delivery services at designated hubs. Using a political economy lens, we examined how ideology, political dynamics, and institutional structures shaped the agenda-setting, adoption, implementation, and sustainability of SDR. We drew on data from document reviews, stakeholder analysis, semi-structured interviews, and non-participant observation to assess the structural, contextual, and institutional factors influencing the reform. Ambiguity around SDR's purpose contributed to the community's uncertain engagement characterized by neither full endorsement nor resistance, highlighting the need for clearer communication and participation to build ownership. The interaction between formal institutions (county health governance and partnership frameworks) and informal norms (trust, shared interpretation, and relational coordination) created early momentum for implementation, particularly among health system actors. However, limited financial capacity and unclear alignment with national policy priorities undermined progress and long-term viability. Kakamega's experience demonstrates how political incentives, devolved autonomy, and local institutional context jointly shape reform outcomes. Achieving successful implementation of system-level reforms requires integrating local political leadership, strengthening community engagement, aligning with evolving national policies, and securing predictable financing. This study provides practical lessons for future MNH and system-level reforms in Kenya and similar decentralized, resource-constrained settings. Lessons include the importance of balancing formal and informal institutions to ensure both political feasibility and enduring impact.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareHealth Care ReformMaternal Health ServicesPoliticsFemaleHealth PolicyHumansInfant, NewbornKenyaPregnancyhealth systems reformsmaternal and newbornpolitical economy analysisservice delivery redesign

Identifiers

PMID41413900
PMCPMC13089513

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.