Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41413706›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2025

Functional symmetrization of neuromotor modules during locomotor development in human infants.

Jiayin Lin, Sophia C W Ha, Janet H Zhang-Lea, Zoe Y S Chan, Kaiduo Fang, Xiaoyu Guo, Borong He, Kelvin Y S Lau, Rosa H M Chan, Roy T H Cheung and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jiayin LinSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-0523
Sophia C W HaSchool of Health and Sports Science, Regent College London, London, UK.
Janet H Zhang-LeaDepartment of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Zoe Y S ChanFaculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Kaiduo FangDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-8894
Xiaoyu GuoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Borong HeSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-7335
Kelvin Y S LauSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Rosa H M ChanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Roy T H CheungSchool of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Chao-Ying ChenSchool of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Vincent C K CheungSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. vckc@cuhk.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-7320

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During human locomotor development, neonatal neuromotor control modules known as muscle synergies are continuously modified into their mature forms to enable independent walking. How the early muscle synergies, developing neuromusculoskeletal systems, and sensorimotor plasticity interact to regulate this process remains unknown. To address this, we investigated concurrent changes in muscle synergies, kinematic synergies, and lower-limb biomechanical properties across 4 stages of supported and independent walking through longitudinal bilateral multi-muscle recording, kinematic tracking, and personalized neuro-musculoskeletal modelling in 11 human infants, while incorporating additional data from adults and elders for a whole-lifespan analysis. Our results argue that the initially bilaterally asymmetrical muscle synergies and limb biomechanical properties co-evolve to ultimately result in symmetrical kinematic synergies that may stabilize gait. Functional symmetrization of neuromotor modules may be a reflection of the co-development of muscle synergies, their associated kinematic functions, and limb biomechanical properties for achieving gait stability and control efficiency throughout the lifespan.

Indexed as

LocomotionMuscle, SkeletalWalkingAdultAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleGaitHumansInfantMale

Identifiers

PMID41413706
PMCPMC12714737

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.