Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41413635›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis milk and cow dung.

Ntelekwane George Khasapane, Kgaugelo Lekota, Mofokeng Lehlohonolo, Jane Nkhebenyane, Oriel Thekisoe, Tsepo Ramatla

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ntelekwane George KhasapaneDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa. nkhasapane@cut.ac.za.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-1695
Kgaugelo LekotaUnit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
Mofokeng LehlohonoloDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa.
Jane NkhebenyaneDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
Oriel ThekisoeUnit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
Tsepo RamatlaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.

Funding

National Research Foundation NFSG23042496860
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Subclinical mastitis poses a hidden threat to dairy productivity and animal health, often harbouring antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. It is becoming increasingly recognized that Enterococcus species cause mastitis in dairy cows. Accurately characterizing the regional epidemiology of enterococcal mastitis, determining its correlations with management variables, and comprehending its effects on udder health all depend on accurate species information. This study investigated the occurrence, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in cow dung and milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis was identified in 39.0% (68/174) of cows and 27.8% (194/696) of quarters, based on results from the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell counts (SCC), respectively. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the ddl gene confirmed the predominance of E. faecalis (93%) and E. faecium (6.4%) in milk samples, while cow dung samples yielded only E. faecalis (100%). Notably, among the E. faecalis isolates from milk samples, 17.2% exhibited vancomycin resistance, whereas streptomycin resistance was found in a smaller proportion of isolates (6.8%). All (100%) E. faecium isolates from the same milk samples showed resistance to vancomycin. The findings also revealed that 11 (32.3%) of E. faecium isolates from cow dung were resistant to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 20.6% of milk and 6.8% of cow dung isolates. The vanA gene was the most prevalent antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), detected in 96% of E. faecalis isolates. Virulence profiling of Enterococcus spp. isolates showed varying gene prevalence in milk (asa1: 33.3%, ace: 12.7%, esp: 10%) and cow dung samples (gelE: 53.2%, hyl: 38.2%). This study has indicated a significant occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium strains obtained from subclinical cattle mastitis. These findings emphasize the role of Enterococcus spp., especially vancomycin-resistant strains, as emerging threats in bovine subclinical mastitis, with possible implications for zoonotic transmission and antimicrobial stewardship in dairy systems.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialEnterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faeciumFecesGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsMastitis, BovineMilkAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsCattleFemaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsVirulenceVirulence FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsVirulence FactorsAntimicrobial resistanceEnterococciPathogenesisSubclinical mastitis

Identifiers

PMID41413635
PMCPMC12824267

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