Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41413551›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2025

A retail audit of mosquito control products in Bidibidi refugee settlement, northwestern Uganda.

Kaci D McCoy, Esther Nakyaze, Samantha W Tsang, Amy A Ellis, Mary Grace Alwano, Olive D'Mello, Suzanne Van Hulle, Steve A Harvey, Danielle Piccinini Black, Jarvice Sekajja

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Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kaci D McCoy *Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Esther Nakyaze *Catholic Relief Services, Kampala, Uganda. esther.nakyaze@gmail.com.
Samantha W TsangJohns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Amy A EllisCatholic Relief Services, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mary Grace AlwanoCatholic Relief Services, Kampala, Uganda.
Olive D'MelloCatholic Relief Services, Kampala, Uganda.
Suzanne Van HulleCatholic Relief Services, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Steve A HarveyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Danielle Piccinini BlackJohns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jarvice SekajjaCatholic Relief Services, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUganda remains one of the highest malaria burden countries globally, with refugee populations disproportionately affected. While government-led initiatives, such as free distribution of insecticide-treatesd nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying, are key to the vector control response, limited data exist on the role of retail markets in providing complementary mosquito control products (MCPs) in refugee settings.

methodsAs part of the Advancing Evidence for the Global Implementation of Spatial Repellents project, we conducted a retail audit across 61 refugee and host community villages in Bidibidi refugee settlement area in northwestern Uganda. The audit consisted of two phases: a mapping of all retail outlets (n = 828) and a cross-sectional survey of a sub-set of retail outlets currently stocking or that had previously stocked MCPs in the six months prior to the mapping (n = 252) to characterize MCP availability, sales, supply chains, and perceived profitability. Data were collected using electronic structured questionnaires and analysed through descriptive statistics for quantitative and thematic coding of qualitative responses.

resultsAmong the outlets surveyed, 65.4% currently sell MCPs. Incense sticks with insecticide were stocked most (56.4% of outlets), followed by adult ITNs (29.1%) and non-insecticidal incense sticks (27.3%). Most outlets restocked products at least monthly, mainly sourcing MCPs from local wholesale suppliers. Respondents reported seasonal spikes in sales and demand during rainy months, and they identified perceived profitability and community health benefits as key motivators for stocking MCPs. However, limited capital, unreliable supply chains, and lack of product knowledge were identified as barriers.

conclusionThe availability, selection, and perceived profitability of MCPs suggests a viable market for MCPs and a gap in protection or preference that consumers are looking to fill in the Bidibidi refugee settlement area. These findings highlight the potential of engaging the private sector in humanitarian contexts to inform the strategic introduction of new tools, such as spatial repellents.

Indexed as

CommerceInsecticidesMalariaMosquito ControlRefugeesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansInsecticide-Treated BednetsInsect RepellentsUgandaInsecticidesInsect RepellentsAerosol spraysInsecticide‐treated mosquito netsMalariaMosquito coilsMosquito controlRefugee settlementRetail auditRetail outletsSpatial repellentTopical repellentsUganda

Identifiers

PMID41413551
PMCPMC12829019

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