Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41413431›Full record

ReviewNPJ science of learning2025

Social interaction shapes and boosts second language learning: virtual reality can show us how.

Ana Zappa, Mel Slater, Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ science of learning, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ana ZappaCognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08097, Spain. anazappa@gmail.com.
Mel SlaterEvent Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
Antoni Rodriguez-FornellsCognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08097, Spain.

Funding

H2021-MSCA-IF-2021 101062671
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Social interaction can play a crucial role in how a second language (L2) is learned. In the current review, we examine theoretical frameworks and empirical studies demonstrating how social factors influence L2 learning, but we also identify gaps in the current literature. We propose using virtual reality (VR) as a methodology to fill these gaps with controlled, ecologically valid social simulations that can elucidate how social factors shape L2 learning.

Identifiers

PMID41413431
PMCPMC12715243

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.