Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41412922›Full record

ArticleSleep health2026

Within- and between-person associations of sleep characteristics with daily cognitive performance in a community-based sample of older adults.

Orfeu M Buxton, Qi Gao, Jonathan G Hakun, Linying Ji, Alyssa A Gamaldo, Suzanne M Bertisch, Martin J Sliwinski, Cuiling Wang, Carol A Derby

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Orfeu M BuxtonDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: orfeu@psu.edu.
Qi GaoDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Jonathan G HakunCenter for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Linying JiDepartment of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
Alyssa A GamaldoDepartment of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Suzanne M BertischDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Martin J SliwinskiCenter for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cuiling WangDepartment of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Carol A DerbyDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

Funding

Vascular Structure and Function in Cognitive AgingP01AG003949 · NIA · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI Richard B. LIPTON · 1985 to 2026
$73.9M
Zoledronic Acid in Treatment of Osteoporosis in PostmenoM01RR002635 · NCRR · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI CZEISLER, CHARLES A · 1985 to 2008
$48.4M
TRANSPLANTATION ANALYSIS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND AGINGP01AG009975 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI CZEISLER, CHARLES A · 1991 to 2018
$23.1M
Application of ambulatory methods for assessing short- and long-term associations of sleep health with cognitive decline in older adultsR01AG062622 · NIA · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI BUXTON, ORFEU M, DERBY, CAROL A. · 2019 to 2022
$3.1M
Evaluating cardiometabolic and sleep health benefits of a workplace interventionR01HL107240 · NHLBI · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI BUXTON, ORFEU M · 2011 to 2014
$1.8M
Investigating Sleep-Related Disparities in U.S. Childrens Learning DifficultiesR03HD104796 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI BUXTON, ORFEU M, MORGAN, PAUL L · 2021 to 2022
$161k
NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR002635NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107240NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003949NIA NIH HHS P01 AG009975NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062622NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD104796
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesFew studies have examined daily effects of sleep on cognition. This analysis examined both between-person and within-person associations of actigraphic sleep with daily cognitive performance ascertained via ecological momentary assessments.

methodsData are from community-residing, dementia-free older adults in the Einstein Aging Study (mean age 77.2 ± 4.7, 67.3% female, 47% non-Hispanic White, and 40% non-Hispanic Black) who were free of dementia. Over 16 days, participants wore wrist actigraphs and completed cognitive assessments six times daily using study-provided smartphones and completed overnight pulse oximetry. Brief cognitive tasks assessed four domains of cognitive function. Multilevel linear mixed-effect models assessed associations of sleep characteristics with cognitive performance. Data were aligned such that models addressed the relationship between a day's sleep parameters and the next day's cognitive performance, adjusted for demographics, depression, cardiovascular comorbidity, and sleep-disordered breathing.

resultsIn adjusted models, between-person associations showed that higher average wake after sleep onset (WASO) was associated with slower average processing speed, worse working memory, and worse visual memory binding. Within-person effects showed that an individual's processing speed was slower than usual on days following a night with greater-than-usual WASO. Sleep duration, timing, or naps were not associated with any of the cognitive tests.

conclusionsUsing ambulatory assessments in real-world environments, the results demonstrate short-term effects of sleep fragmentation (WASO) on processing speed the next day in dementia-free older adults. Better understanding short-term effects might identify individuals who may benefit from early interventions to prevent long-term cognitive decline.

Indexed as

CognitionSleepActigraphyAgedAged, 80 and overEcological Momentary AssessmentFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsActigraphyCognitive agingDaily ambulatory cognitionEcological Momentary AssessmentsOlder adultsSleep

Identifiers

PMID41412922
PMCPMC13045523

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.