Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41412436›Full record

ArticleRadiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology2026

PURE-MRI: An international study assessing physician accuracy in delineating the prostate and urethra on prostate MRI.

Lily Nguyen, Yuze Song, Anna Dornisch, Madison Baxter, Tristan Barrett, Anders M Dale, Mukesh Harisinghani, Sophia C Kamran, Michael A Liss, Robert T Dess and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Urethra contours on MRI: Multidisciplinary consensus educational atlas and reference standard for artificial intelligence benchmarking.Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Lily NguyenDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Yuze SongDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Anna DornischDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Madison BaxterDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Tristan BarrettDepartment of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Anders M DaleDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Mukesh HarisinghaniDepartment of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Sophia C KamranDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael A LissDepartment of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Robert T DessDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Daniel J A MargolisDepartment of Radiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Eric P WeinbergDepartment of Clinical Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Tyler M SeibertDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: tseibert@health.ucsd.edu.

Funding

San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR000100 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIRESTEIN, GARY S · 2012 to 2015
$19.7M
Improving assessment of prostate cancer bone metastases using advanced diffusion imagingK08EB026503 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SEIBERT, TYLER MICHAEL · 2019 to 2022
$805k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000100NIBIB NIH HHS K08 EB026503
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePrecise delineation of genitourinary structures during prostate cancer (PCa) care is critical to optimize treatment delivery while minimizing toxicity and injury. The Prostate and UREthra on MRI (PURE-MRI) study is an international, prospective study to assess physicians' accuracy segmenting prostate and urethra on MRI.

methodsPhysicians who diagnose or treat PCa were invited to contour prostate and urethra on patient cases using standard T

results62 specialists from 11 countries created 114 prostate and 110 urethra contours. Prostate median (min, max) accuracy for physicians [vs. AI] was Dice score: 0.92 (0.62, 0.95) [vs. 0.95 (0.94, 0.96)], maximum deviation inside prostate: 3.4 mm (1.0, 12.4) [vs. 3.0 mm (3.0, 3.0)], maximum deviation beyond prostate: 5.3 mm (2.4, 17.3) [vs. 3.9 mm (3.1, 4.9)], mean deviation (per case) from the reference prostate: 1.6 mm (0.9, 3.9) [vs. 1.2 mm (1.1, 1.6)]. Urethra accuracy was Dice score: 0.33 (0.03, 0.69) [vs. 0.41 (0.35, 0.48)], coverage: 36 % (3 %, 96 %) [vs. 81 % (80 %, 91 %)], maximum (2D) deviation beyond urethra: 1.6 mm (1.0, 2.3) [vs. 1.7 mm (1.3, 2.1)].

conclusionPhysicians contour the prostate on MRI with overall Dice score >0.90, though typical cases still include at least one error >5 mm and sometimes >10 mm. Physician urethra contours were less accurate, with typical coverage of <40 % of the reference urethra (compared to >80 % for AI). Physician trainees performed similarly to experienced clinicians. AI tools give comparable accuracy to practicing physicians for prostate contours and achieve better coverage of the urethra.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceMagnetic Resonance ImagingProstateProstatic NeoplasmsUrethraHumansMaleProspective StudiesAtlasAutosegmentationConsensusContourGenitourinaryMRIProstateProstate cancerRadiation therapySegmentationUrethra

Identifiers

PMID41412436
PMCPMC13298795

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.