Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41411995›Full record

ReviewUltrasonics sonochemistry2026

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel and seed: A comprehensive review of key parameters and optimization strategies.

Fatima Shehzadi, Muhammad Shoaib, Salman Munir, Gholamreza Abdi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. High-Intensity Ultrasound Processing ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fatima ShehzadiNational Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. Electronic address: fatimashehzadi260@gmail.com.
Muhammad ShoaibNational Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Salman MunirNational Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Gholamreza AbdiDepartment of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran. Electronic address: abdi@pgu.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and seeds are rich in phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, ellagitannins, tannins, and punicic acid, which exhibit potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Conventional extraction methods, such as maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and hydrodistillation, are limited by excessive solvent and energy consumption, prolonged extraction times, and degradation of thermolabile compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has emerged as a sustainable and efficient alternative, utilizing acoustic cavitation to disrupt cell walls, enhance solvent penetration, and accelerate mass transfer. This review presents a comprehensive and UAE-specific synthesis of research on pomegranate peel and seed bioactives, focusing on the effect of key parameters ultrasonic power, frequency, extraction time, temperature, solvent system, solid-to-solvent ratio, and particle size on extraction efficiency and compound stability. Optimization strategies based on Response Surface Methodology, Box-Behnken Design, and Artificial Neural Networks are critically discussed to demonstrate their roles in maximizing yield and predicting extraction performance. Structural and spectroscopic studies confirming ultrasound-induced morphological disruption and molecular interactions are also summarized. This review uniquely synthesizes UAE-specific process parameters, optimization models, and structural characterization for both pomegranate peel and seed within a green valorization framework. Comparative analysis highlights the UAE superior performance over conventional and hybrid methods (microwave-, enzyme-, or deep eutectic solvent-assisted extractions). The review also identifies persisting challenges related to process scale-up, standardization of reporting metrics, and in vivo bioavailability assessment. Overall, this work provides an updated framework for improving extraction efficiency and supports the green valorization of pomegranate by-products into functional ingredients for food, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Indexed as

Chemical FractionationFruitPomegranateSeedsSonicationUltrasonic WavesAcoustic cavitationBox–Behnken designEssential oilGreen extractionPhenolic compoundsResponse surface methodology (RSM)

Identifiers

PMID41411995
PMCPMC12774716

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.