ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026
Initial Head Posture Affects the Neck Muscle and Head/Neck Kinematic Responses During Low-Speed Rear Impacts.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
purposeThe goal of this study was to quantify the effect of initial head posture on neck muscle activity and head/neck kinematics during rear impacts.
methodsTwelve seated participants experienced rear impacts on a sled with their head in five initial driving postures: left shoulder check, left mirror check, neutral head-forward, rear-view mirror check, or looking at their front-seat passenger. Electromyographic activity in four neck muscles was recorded bilaterally with indwelling electrodes and normalized to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) levels. Head and torso kinematics were measured.
resultsPre-impact muscle activity increased in 6 of the 8 muscles for non-neutral postures compared to the neutral posture (Δ = 0.6-7.5% MVC). During impact, only the peak left multifidus activity significantly changed (Δ = - 12% MVC) during left mirror check compared to neutral posture. Compared to the neutral posture, we observed larger absolute head acceleration (Δ = 0.7-2.6 g) out of the sagittal plane for all non-neutral postures and smaller fore-aft head-torso displacement (Δ = 5.2-7.8 mm) in the left shoulder check and look-at-passenger postures, but only minimal changes in torso kinematics.
conclusionDespite minimal changes to peak neck muscle activity during impact, we observed widespread changes in the head kinematics in non-neutral postures. This work provides data to inform injury prevention methods and simulate drivers with non-neutral head postures in computational models.
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