ArticleFrontiers in plant science2025
Evolutionary conservation and enhanced basal immunity of the ZmNBS gene family in maize.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genome-wide identification of maize G protein genes and regulatory roles of the ZmGG1 subfamily in saline-alkali stress response.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide analysis of theFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding site (NBS) gene family is central to plant innate immunity. However, a comprehensive understanding of its evolutionary dynamics and functional diversity in maize, particularly within a pan-genomic context, remains limited. We conducted a systematic pan-genomic analysis of the ZmNBS gene family across 26 representative maize inbred lines. Our approach integrated evolutionary genetics, structural variation analysis, and expression profiling to investigate presence-absence variation (PAV), duplication modes, evolutionary rates, and the impact of structural variants (SVs). We observed extensive presence-absence variation (PAV), distinguishing conserved "core" subgroups (ZmNBS31 and ZmNBS17-19) from highly variable ones (ZmNBS1-10 and ZmNBS43-60), thereby supporting a "core-adaptive" model of resistance gene evolution. Duplication mode analysis revealed subtype-specific preferences: canonical CNL/CN genes largely originated from dispersed duplications, while N-type genes were enriched in tandem duplications. Evolutionary rate analysis showed that whole-genome duplication (WGD)-derived genes exhibited strong purifying selection (low Ka/Ks), whereas tandem and proximal duplications (TD/PD) showed signs of relaxed or positive selection. Structural variants (SVs) were associated with altered motif structures and significantly impacted gene expression. Notably, ZmNBS31 emerged as a conserved, highly expressed gene under both stressed and control conditions, underscoring its potential role in basal immunity. Our findings demonstrate how duplication mechanisms, structural variations and differential selection pressures collectively shape the evolution of the ZmNBS gene family. The identification of ZmNBS31 as a candidate for basal immunity, along with our established "core-adaptive" framework, provides valuable insights and a conceptual foundation for identifying and improving broad-spectrum resistance genes in maize breeding programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.