Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41409468›Full record

ArticleBioinformatics advances2025

SurprisalAnalysis: an open-source software for information-theoretic analysis of gene expression.

Annice Najafi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioinformatics advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Annice NajafiDepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-9397

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Summary: SurprisalAnalysis is an open-source R package with an accompanying web-based application that utilizes Surprisal analysis to extract patterns of genes that tend to get up or down regulated as a result of a biological process. Surprisal analysis frames gene expression values in thermodynamic terms and identifies entropy-driven constraints and relevant gene weights that allow the decomposition of each gene's expression into a baseline (maximal entropy) component and one or more constraint-driven components. These components correspond to distinct biological modules or processes whose coordinated up or down regulation underlies the observed system dynamics. Availability and implementation: SurprisalAnalysis is written in R and is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/AnniceNajafi/SurprisalAnalysis). The package is distributed under a permissive license to promote scientific collaboration and reproducibility. A web-based application with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is hosted on https://najafiannice.shinyapps.io/surprisal_analysis_app/.

Identifiers

PMID41409468
PMCPMC12707977

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.