SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2025
Systematic review on prevalence of ADHD, possible ADHD or ADHD symptoms in medical students.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- When Professional Success Masks Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Late-Diagnosed ADHD in a Physician.Cureus · 2026Article
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Oxidative Stress, and Brain Health: Mechanistic Links to Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development and validation of the Social Emotional Assets (SEA) scale: a culturally responsive measure of social-emotional competencies in emerging adulthood.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Screening of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and its associated factors among medical university students in Lebanon: A multicenter cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that often continues into adulthood, with a global adult prevalence of approximately 3.1%. Among medical students, the condition may be particularly underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite the intense cognitive, emotional, and psychological demands of medical education. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of ADHD in medical students across diverse settings. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in September 2024 across seven major databases, yielding 499 articles. Results: After de-duplication and applying inclusion criteria, 29 studies from 17 countries were included, encompassing 24,578 medical students. Reported prevalence rates ranged widely from 1.7% (self-report) to 38.9% (ASRS screener), with substantial variation across countries and even within the same regions. The most commonly used diagnostic instrument was the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), though studies used different cutoffs and subscales. Other methods included the Wender Utah Rating Scale, structured clinical interviews, and self-report measures. Studies relying on self-report tended to show lower prevalence rates compared to those using structured tools. Discussion: Higher prevalence rates suggest that the stressors of medical education may amplify ADHD symptoms or that these environments attract or select for individuals with such traits. Despite the significant prevalence and associated functional impairments, there remains a lack of structured support systems for affected students. Early identification of ADHD in medical training could allow for tailored interventions, improved academic performance, reduced burnout, and better long-term outcomes. Additionally, the under-recognition of ADHD in medical students may have downstream effects on patient care if symptoms persist into clinical practice. This review underscores the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, structured assessments, and greater institutional support to address the challenges posed by ADHD in medical education. Further research should explore longitudinal outcomes, treatment efficacy, and the development of comprehensive support strategies for medical students with ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.