ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Concerned issues and controversies in perioperative immunotherapy for resectable non-small cell lung cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preoperative PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer Trials: Connecting Molecular Oncology and Cytoreductive Surgery.Cancers · 2026Review
- Review
- Effects of surgery on cancer metastasis: biological mechanisms and perioperative implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in China, with the highest incidence and mortality rates. Among the various types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% to 85%. Radical surgery is the primary treatment for early-stage NSCLC; however, postoperative recurrence remains a significant clinical challenge. The incorporation of perioperative chemotherapy with surgery has yielded only a modest improvement in the 5-year survival rate, approximately 5%, thereby highlighting the urgent need for more effective systemic treatment alternatives. In recent years, immunotherapeutic drugs, represented by programmed death receptor 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies, have gradually advanced from later-line therapy to front-line treatment for NSCLC, and have now brought breakthrough progress to perioperative treatment. Multiple phase III immunotherapy clinical trials have demonstrated that both neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies can significantly enhance the pathological response rate, event-free survival (EFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage II to III NSCLC. Such findings have established new treatment standards aimed at reducing recurrence rates and extending overall survival (OS). Additionally, the potential benefits of the "neoadjuvant plus adjuvant" immunotherapy model have been validated, significantly decreasing the risk of postoperative recurrence in specific patient populations. Future research will continue to explore the efficacy of immunotherapy across different subgroups to maximize clinical benefits while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Nevertheless, the perioperative application of immunotherapy is accompanied by significant concerns and controversies. This review primarily outlines the latest advancements in perioperative immunotherapy and explores some doubts and controversies encountered in clinical practice, aiming to provide strategies and insights for managing and treating NSCLC in the perioperative setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.