ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2026
Coverage and inequalities in COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in Brazil: a nationwide cross-sectional survey.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Social long COVID: impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and policy in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- EPICOVID-19 and EPICOVID 2.0: building knowledge on COVID-19 epidemiology during the pandemic in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- COVID-19: lessons from Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Using an epidemiological lens to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 in Brazil.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This nationwide cross-sectional survey in Brazil investigated COVID-19 and influenza vaccination coverage and inequalities. Data from 33 250 interviews conducted between March and June 2024 in 133 sentinel cities revealed high overall coverage: 90.2% for at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine and 82.6% for influenza. However, significant disparities emerged. COVID-19 vaccination coverage increased with age, was higher among women and Whites, and strongly associated with higher education levels and wealth. Influenza vaccine coverage showed a U-shaped pattern by age and was lower among evangelicals compared with Catholics. Geographic variations were observed, with the Southeast region exhibiting the highest coverage and the North and Center-West the lowest. Co-coverage analysis indicated that 76.7% of participants received both vaccines. Reasons for non-vaccination included lack of belief in vaccine efficacy, concerns about side effects, and lack of access to healthcare. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and inequalities in access, particularly focusing on specific subgroups such as evangelicals, Indigenous populations, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.