ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2026
Trends of bloodstream infection incidence rates among patients on outpatient hemodialysis, National Healthcare Safety Network, 2012-2021.
Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of the study is to analyze bloodstream infection (BSI) data reported by outpatient hemodialysis facilities to understand temporal trends, the potential impact of infection prevention practices and the COVID-19 pandemic on BSI rates.
methodsOutpatient hemodialysis facilities report BSI data to the National Healthcare Safety Network. We used interrupted time series with mixed effects negative binomial modeling to estimate the annual change of BSI rates from 2012 to 2021, using March 2020 as the COVID-19 inflection point. The model controlled for seasonal factors, vascular access types, and facility characteristics.
resultsThe number of facilities used for analysis increased from 5,581 in 2012 to 7,313 in 2021. Most facilities were freestanding (range: 90%-93%) and belonged to for-profit organizations (range: 85%-88%). The annual adjusted BSI rates decreased by an average of 8.90% (95% CI: -9.10 %, -8.71%) January 2012-February 2020. The annual decrease in BSI rate was not significant during March 2020-December 2021 (
conclusionsBSI rates decreased steadily from January 2012 to February 2020 likely due to the identification and adoption of evidence-based prevention practices. BSI rates plateaued at lower levels during March 2020-December 2021. This suggests that infection prevention measures implemented by facilities prior to the emergence of COVID-19 contributed to substantial decreases in BSI rates and may have helped to stabilize BSI rates after March 2020.
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