ArticleBMC public health2025
Cooking fuel choices and household respiratory health in Nigeria.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNigeria is a leading oil-producing nation with a significant portion of the population depending on polluting solid fuels for cooking. This reliance contributes to substantial indoor air pollution, posing a major public health threat, particularly in the form of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This study investigates the factors driving household cooking fuel choices and examines their association with respiratory health outcomes.
methodsThis study utilized data from the 2018-19 Nigeria General Household Survey (Wave 4), a nationally representative sample of 26,367 households. To account for the non-sequential nature of fuel-stacking behavior, a multinomial logit model was employed to identify the determinants of primary cooking fuel choice (firewood, charcoal, kerosene, gas, electricity). The relationship between the chosen cooking fuel and the prevalence of ARI was then analyzed using a standard logit model.
resultsKey determinants of fuel choice included residential location, cooking place, household size, income, and education level. Rural and low-income households demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of using polluting fuels like firewood, charcoal, and kerosene. In contrast, households with higher education and income levels were more likely to use cleaner fuels, such as gas and electricity. A key finding was the lower prevalence of ARIs among households using charcoal or kerosene compared to those using firewood, highlighting a health gradient even among unclean fuels.
conclusionThe persistent use of polluting cooking fuels in Nigeria, driven by socioeconomic factors, poses a severe risk to respiratory health. Policy interventions must be multifaceted: promoting cleaner transitional fuels (charcoal, and kerosene) for households unable to immediately adopt electricity and LPG alongside making clean fuels more accessible and affordable, especially in rural areas, and implementing public health campaigns on the dangers of indoor air pollution.
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