ArticleBMC public health2025
Associations of mixed exposure to ambient air pollution and environmental factors with the risk of miscarriage in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have focused on the effects of ambient air pollutant levels on assisted reproduction. This research focused on the combined effects of lower concentrations of air pollutants and multiple environmental factors on miscarriage following assisted reproductive technologies.
methodsA retrospective cohort study involving 2654 women who received treatment at a local hospital between 2015 and 2022 and met the inclusion criteria was conducted. The daily average levels of six pollutants (PM
resultsA significant positive associations were observed between miscarriage and exposure to PM2.5 (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08 ~ 2.06), temperature (aOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 1.48), UV intensity (aOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21 ~ 1.54). The WQS model revealed a positive correlation between mixed-exposure environmental factors and miscarriage (aOR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.74 ~ 7.69). The BKMR results indicate that the overall effect of mixed environmental factor exposure from the embryo transfer date on the outcome is positively correlated with the risk of miscarriage. The NDVI, wind speed, surface pressure and UV intensity presented relatively high PIPs. Gene prediction and enrichment revealed that genes associated with environmental factors and miscarriage are associated primarily with immune-inflammatory responses.
conclusionsResults revealed that mixed exposure to air pollutants and environmental factors increases the risk of miscarriage. The analysis further demonstrated that temperature, NDVI, UV intensity, and wind speed could mitigate the impact of air pollutants on miscarriage. However, mixed exposure to these environmental factors still increases the risk of miscarriage. The potential mechanism may involve the influence of environmental factors on miscarriage through an immune‒inflammatory response.
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